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Dynamics of foot-and-mouth disease virus replication in cells at different phases of the cell-division

Claudia DOEL,Zhidong ZHANG,Lise MAZELET,Ryan WATERS,John BASHIRUDDIN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第3期页码 250-257 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2014031

摘要： Foot-and-mouth-disease virus (FMDV) replicates in epithelial cells. The restriction of FMDV RNA to the basal cell layer of epithelia suggests a possible link between FMDV replication and the cell status. This paper describes studies in which FMDV infection was investigated in cells that were held at various cell division phases using cell cycle inhibitors. The results suggest that when cells were arrested at the G or G /S phase, high levels of viral RNA were detected by quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR and viral protein synthesis was observed by specific labeling techniques. In contrast, when cells were arrested at the G /M phase, reduced or no viral RNA synthesis was detected.

关键词： foot-and-mouth disease virus cell cycle replication

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Review of hand, foot and mouth disease

Lan-Juan LI MD,

《医学前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第2期页码 139-146 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0033-6

摘要： Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is an acute viral illness that primarily affects infants and young children, and often occurs in clusters or outbreaks. The major causative agents of HFMD are coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16), human enterovirus 71 (HEV71) and coxsackievirus A10 (CVA10), of the genus in the family Picornaviridae. HFMD caused by EV71 is associated with severe neurological complications and death. Since the late 1990s, several major epidemics of EV71 HFMD have swept through the Asia-Pacific region, associated with a rapid fulminant course, severe neurological complications, and a large number of fatalities. Until now, little has been known about the genetics and transmission trends of the fast-mutation virus, and there is no effective and specific antiviral therapy or vaccine for HFMD. It is time to step up efforts to understand the molecular epidemics and pathogenesis so that we can develop effective management strategies and surveillance programs.

关键词： hand foot and mouth disease epidemiology pathogenesis management surveillance

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Structural synthesis of ancient Chinese foot-operated silk-reeling mechanism

Kuohung HSIAO, Yuhsun CHEN, Hongsen YAN,

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第5卷第3期页码 279-288 doi: 10.1007/s11465-010-0101-2

摘要： This work synthesizes the structures of the foot-operated silk-reeling mechanism, which was vaguely depicted in many literatures in ancient China. Based on the analysis of the mechanism, the structural characteristics and design constraints of the mechanism with indeterminate links and joints are concluded. Then, according to the concepts of generalization and specialization subject to the concluded design constraints, all feasible structures of the mechanism that met the technological standards of the subject’s time period are reconstructed. This reconstruction process provides a logical foundation to better understanding, clarification, and suggestions for the issue of ancient mechanical drawings with indeterminate links and joints.

关键词： silk-reeling mechanism structure of mechanism reconstruction design history of machinery

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Planar jumping with stable landing through foot orientation design and ankle joint control

Qilong YUAN, I-Ming CHEN

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第7卷第2期页码 100-108 doi: 10.1007/s11465-012-0318-3

摘要：

This paper introduces a method to generate the planar jumping motion for biped robot. In this work, through determining the upper body posture trajectory in the flight phase, the foot landing posture is made to be flat while landing. Together with properly designing the trajectory for local center of gravity and the foot landing velocity, the soft landing trajectory is generated. A controller on the ankle joint is added to avoid significant impact with the ground and stabilize the robot after landing. Jumping motion with stable landing is achieved in a dynamic simulation environment based on this method.

关键词： biped jumping stable landing control jumping motion generation

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Progress on the research and development of human enterovirus 71 (EV71) vaccines

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第1期页码 111-121 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0237-z

摘要：

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) infections, which can cause severe complications, have become one of the serious public health issues in the Western Pacific region and China. To date, a number of pharmaceutical companies and institutes have initiated the research and development of EV71 vaccines as a countermeasure. As is the case with innovative vaccine development, there are several critical bottlenecks in EV71 vaccine development that must be overcome before the clinical trials, including the selection of vaccine strain, standardization of the procedure for quantifying neutralizing antibody (NTAb) and antigen, establishment and application of a reference standard and biological standards, development of animal models for the evaluation of protective efficacy, and identification of the target patient population. To tackle these technical obstacles, researchers in Mainland of China have conducted a series of studies concerning the screening of vaccine strains and the establishment of criteria, biological standards and detection methods, thereby advancing EV71 vaccine development. This review summarizes recent worldwide progress on the quality control and evaluation of EV71 vaccines.

关键词： enterovirus 71 (EV71) hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) vaccine